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Emigration
 The demand for emigration is very high and in about all the cases its real and indisputable motivation is poverty. Migration phenomenon really exists in both legal and illegal aspects. It is enough to say that in Italy in 2003 more than 30000 Moldavian citizens, who had migrated to Europe within the pervious years, were legalized; migration stream coming from Moldova is estimated as 10000 people a month, mainly to Europe. 47% of Moldavians emigrants are evidently presented by women at the age from 16 to 64.
Emigration is a social resource, including, in emotional sense as well, an essential number of the citizens of Moldova: thinking about departure, better life, earnings, the possibility to buy a house, gain confidence represents a long-wished by a Moldavian citizen aim. The reverse estimation shows how emigration, as it is, represents the element of social impoverishment, mainly for young generation, as far as the rejection of school is observed (diffusion of illiteracy), getting higher education is felt as unnecessary, more than that, university is more and more apprehended as “a parking lot” for the unemployed or for those who are not able to go abroad at the moment.
Working niches, occupied by Moldavian citizens in Europe, are in the spheres of building industry, house-keeping, agriculture, public catering, hotel keeping, junior medical personnel or nurses, machinery-building industry and small enterprises as a whole, though all the jobs are performed by the people with education, even higher education, which could allow them to get a job of a different kind.
Advantageous conditions are granted by getting legalization, the possibility of which depends on the legislation of each European state; those people who live in the country illegally, risk very much - they live in the constant fear of departure, which promises great troubles in accordance with European legislation.
It so happens, particularly in Italy and France, that a Moldavian citizen captured by the police because of his illegal stay in the country, in order to avoid being escorted back to his own country, asks for political asylum, and gets a temporary residence permit which does not give him a possibility to get a job; he has to wait until the country, to which inquiry was made, takes a decision, which in most cases is negative. The request for political asylum is only a way to avoid deportation from the country, which does not solve the problem of illegal stay on the territory. Such system is widely used today by the Romanians in Italy, the number of illegal residents in which is estimated as about 100000.
An emigrant from Moldova has good possibilities to proceed a social road in Europe, as the nature of a Moldavian is in harmony with the nature of a European, where abilities, character and devotion are valued.
There is an opinion in Europe that an emigrant from Moldova is a piece of resource in the working sphere.
But it is necessary to avoid being included into criminal activity, particularly connected with people trade, prostitution, drug trade and stolen car trade. The prevalence of Romanian criminal organizations over the Albanian ones, which is observed now, reveals against and against participation of the citizens of Moldova.
 Support in integration comes from strong solidarity of Moldavian Diasporas in foreign countries, because on the territory of the country of residence a strong spirit of cooperation, mutual help, and support in a difficult situation reveals. The Moldavians unlike the Romanians and the Ukrainians, have not formed stable forms of congregation, recognized just in certain places, which could be more effective and, which is important, could render a good deal of support to newcomers.
You can often meet Moldavian citizens living in barracks, under the bridges or in extremely poor conditions, because, in spite of the fact that they have a job and residence permit, they cannot afford to pay a rent.
Renting an apartment in a European country is about 600-800 euro a month, for the dwelling space 60-70 square meters, where no less than four people live and share the rent. To this sum it is necessary to add daily expenses for food, which cannot be less than 15 euro and at least 10 euro for other needs; so, it is easy to estimate that 900 euro a month is needed for living expenses, the rest of the money is send home from the expected salary of 1200-1500 euro. This is possible in case of an adequate job.
One can earn more, but here we come to the sphere of exploitation when working time exceeds 7 hours a day. The situation is different for nurses, taking care of elderly people, where woman earn from 800 to 1000 euro, accommodation and meals included. Seasonal jobs are considered to be profitable, particularly in the sphere of catering, but not in agriculture.
Effective help comes from charity organizations of Catholic Church, distributed all over Europe; they offer such kinds of help as canteens, centres of trust, protection of right in the sphere of labour, legal support on legalization or other procedures connected with getting residence permit, getting a job, teaching a foreign language. It often happens that Moldavian citizens, particularly in Italy, get help from Catholic Church charity organizations.
Of cause, an emigrant from Moldova suffers hardships, because he often has to pay a debt for an entry visa to criminal organizations or illegal agents. More than that, it is necessary to add persistent demands of money that come from the rest part of his family on the territory of Moldova.
Money transfers, or the money which the emigrant sends to his family, represent a really great economical profit for Moldova. The negative aspect of this profit comprises the fact that emigration is considered to be the only possibility to prevent poverty, hence the reality of the situation in Moldova is that emigration solves the problem of one person, but it speeds the process of social impoverishment.
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